Quality of Emba Program

Problem Definition Background to the problem Dhaka University's Evening MBA program started in 2002 as an effort to bring the Faculty of Business Studies up to the standard with other private, public and international academic institutions. The program is currently on its 18th batch. Although the University authority started the program almost 8 years ago, there are still doubts among people about the quality of the Evening MBA program offered by the Dhaka University Faculty of Business Studies and many are confused about where this program stands against the MBA program offered by Dhaka University Institute of Business Administration (IBA). So a study was due in this field to determine the quality of the DU evening MBA program. And no one knows about the program better than those who are studying in the program already. Problem Statement The problem statement for our research is â€Å"The quality of the Evening MBA program in Dhaka University is not very high†. We will be using several statistical theories and tools to test our problem statement and create a model from it and also test the significance of the model. Approach to the Problem As our problem statement suggests, our objective of the study is to determine the quality of the Evening MBA program in Dhaka University. Now a product's quality can be easily determined through the use of different quality checks but what determines the quality of an academic program? After looking into some secondary data and taking initial opinion from a small group we have come to conclusion that quality of an academic program is closely related to quality of the learners, the environment the learning process takes place, the teacher, content of the learning program, the process and the outcome of it. Based on these analyses we have come to the conclusion that we will need to develop a survey questionnaire which will be used as our primary data and will include questions relating the above mentioned criteria with the topic in question- quality of the evening MBA program. Based on the data collected we will run regression analysis to develop the model and then use Discriminant analysis to classify the results. Research Design A research design should include all the important information about the research process such as type of research done, information needs, data collection, scaling techniques, questionnaire development, sampling techniques and fieldwork. Type of research To determine what type of research is needed to be done to achieve our objectives, we have explored different possibilities. First let us revisit our objective- we would like to determine the criteria that form quality of an educational program and then create a model out of it to identify significance of each of the criteria in the model. In other words, we will be determining the effect of some independent variables and determine how they affect the dependant variable. Based on this initial assumption we could say that we are looking into a cause and effect relationship and hence we will be doing a Causal research. However, further probing into the matter made us realize that the most important criteria of a causal relationship is to be able to manipulate the variables and observe their effect on the model, which in our case is not at all possible, neither we will be doing much experimentation. So ours is anything but a causal research. What our research is rather capable of is determine some characteristics relating to the problem in hand and based on primary data and observation develop a model to show an overall relationship. Based on such analysis we have come to the conclusion that a Descriptive research is more appropriate in our case. Information Needs For our analysis, at first we needed to know the perception of students about the quality of the evening MBA program. After that we needed their opinion on quality of the students enrolled in the program, students’ perception of the brand value of the program, quality of the teachers, grading system and admission test. So we have determined to create a questionnaire that will include questions about both the dependent variable (quality of the program) and independent variables (quality of students, brand value perception, quality of teachers, grading system, admission tests etc. ) and use it to run a survey to gather all the necessary information we will need in developing the model. Scaling Techniques Now all of our required data are about opinions or perceptions of students. For such situations a Likert scale is the most appropriate scaling technique to use because the main feature of Likert scale is a list of opinions ranging from extreme positive to extreme negative about a statement. Each opinion is assigned a score and based on the respondent’s response the score is considered in further data analysis. While using Likert scale we had to careful to maintain a consistency in the statements so that the positivity of an opinion always gets the highest score and the negative one the lowest. Based on this rule we needed to reverse the scoring on questions that leaned to negativity. Questionnaire Development and Pre-testing We have already defined our dependent and independent variables for the research and what we needed was to collect the sample population’s opinion about each of the statements made using a Likert scale. So setting up the questionnaire was quite simple for us. All we had to do is form a statement relating to each of the variables and attach a Likert scale table to let the respondents choose to what level they agreed or disagreed to the statements. Based on our initial analysis, we have determined 1 dependent and 12 independent variable and so we created a questionnaire with 13 statements and some apparently-relevant open-ended questions. To avoid confusion, the statements were worded as simple as possible. However, after pre-testing the questionnaire among a very small group, we observed that people still got confused about a question (question 12) related to grading. While our objective was to correlate fairness in grading with the quality of education, students related it to the grading system. So this statement didn’t serve its intended purpose and hence in our final analysis we have decided to leave it out. Due to this change, from now on every instance of Q12 will refer to Q13 in real. A sample copy of the questionnaire used has been included in the appendix section of this report. Sampling technique Sampling is another important part of a research design. The first and foremost job in sampling is to define the target population. Now we have already discussed that as the problem is to determine whether the quality of the EMBA program is up to the standard or not, no one but the students would know the most about it. So our target population is defined as all the students in the EMBA program; that includes not only the students from marketing department but all other departments too. After the target population was defined, the next job was to determine a sampling technique. Now there are a lot of sampling technique available but due to several limitations not all of them were appropriate. Considering the fact that it would be a lot difficult to contact and convince students from other departments to participate in the survey, we have decided to leave them out. And considering the fact that we started working on the research project right at the end of the semester made it difficult to communicate with all the students in marketing department too. So to run our survey we had to rely on the places of convenience where we would be present along with more students from different batches. In other words, the sampling technique we used was more of a convenience sampling. however we were careful not to select one respondent more than once. After the sampling technique was determined, our next job was to determine the sample size. Now determining the sample size is a very complicated process even on situations where relevant data like total population size etc. are available. When no such data exists, the sample size determination becomes just that much harder. However, we were lucky not to have gone through any hardship at all because we were instructed by our respectable course teacher to keep the sample size to somewhere around 30 and we followed his instructions to the book. Fieldwork As this is a very small-scale academic research, there was no need for additional fieldworker to run the survey. Instead we, the researchers took matters into our own hands and did the fieldwork ourselves. Now the positive side of it was that we didn’t have to train anyone to run the survey most effectively. As we were the ones setting up the questionnaire, we had a clear idea about what to do and how to do it. We used our available classes as place of convenience and used the class breaks to collect our data. Data Preparation After the fieldwork was done, we were left with 36 responses, out of which 4 were found to be incomplete. On such situations it is suggested to assign missing values to the incomplete survey papers. However, as we still had a margin from the required minimum of 30, we decided to leave the incomplete ones out. Once we agreed on that, the 32 valid survey papers were coded and transcribed into the computer to be used with SPSS, the statistical tool we ought to use. Data Analysis Once the data were transferred into SPSS, we were ready to start data analysis. Methodology The data were analyzed by conducting multiple regression analysis and Discriminant analysis. Regression was conducted to see whether a relationship exists between quality of EMBA program (dependant variable) and factors we have determined to indicate the quality (independent variables). Discrminant analysis was used to give us further insights. Plan for Data Analysis For regression we have considered Q1 as dependant variable and Q2-Q12 as independent variables. Then we have used SPSS to get the output. For Discriminant analysis, independent variables were converted from nine-point Likert scale into two-group categorical variable. For conversion we followed the following rule: -4= 1 (Low); that is EMBA program is perceived to be of low quality. 6-9= 2 (High), that is EMBA program is perceived to be of high quality. Note that we have disregarded the neutral value 5. From our analysis we have found that none of the respondents have chosen this. So we have taken only two variables and planned for Two-Group Discriminant analysis. So in this case the newly converted group variable is the dependent and Q2–Q12 are considered as predictors. Results Regression Strength of Association In the SPSS output Table below we can see the value of R2 is . 878. The R-square value is an indicator of how well the model fits the data e. . , an R2 close to 1. 0 indicates that we have accounted for almost all of the variability with the variables specified in the model. Our R2 is close to 1. ModelRR2Adjusted R SquareStd. Error of the EstimateChange Statistics R2 ChangeF Changedf1df2Sig. F Change 1. 937(a). 878. 811. 989. 87813. 0651120. 000 (a) Predictors: (Constant), Q12, Q7, Q3, Q2, Q4, Q9, Q6, Q11, Q10, Q8, Q5 Significance Testing The following formula is used to test whether an R2 calculated is significantly different than Zero. The Null Hypothesis is that the population R2 is Zero. where N is the number of subjects, k is the number of predictor variables and R? s the squared multiple correlation coefficient. The F is based on k and N – k – 1 degrees of freedom. In our case, N = 32, k = 12, and R? = . 878. In the SPSS output Table below we can see that F = 13. 065 which is significant at ? =0. 05. We can also see that significance is . 000; as it is smaller than . 05 we can say that it is highly significant. ANOVA (b) ModelSum of SquaresdfMean SquareFSig. 1Regression140. 6461112. 78613. 065. 000(a) Residual19. 57320. 979 Total160. 21931 (a) Predictors: (Constant), Q12, Q7, Q3, Q2, Q4, Q9, Q6, Q11, Q10, Q8, Q5 (b) Dependent Variable: Q1 In addition to testing R? or significance, it is possible to test the individual regression coefficients (Beta) for significance and it is shown in the SPSS output in the following table. Coefficients (a) ModelUnstandardized CoefficientsStandardized CoefficientstSig. 95% Confidence Interval for BCorrelations BStd. ErrorBetaLower BoundUpper BoundZero-orderPartialPart 1(Constant). 4491. 171. 383. 705-1. 9942. 892 Q2-. 046. 188-. 035-. 246. 808-. 437. 345. 395-. 055-. 019 Q3-. 091. 131-. 074-. 694. 496 -. 364. 182. 236-. 153-. 054 Q4. 102. 190. 084. 539. 596-. 294. 499. 407. 120. 042 Q5-. 188. 232-. 129-. 809. 428-. 672. 296. 464-. 78-. 063 Q6. 507. 196. 4372. 582. 018. 097. 916. 856. 500. 202 Q7. 015. 141. 011. 103. 919-. 279. 308. 273. 023. 008 Q8. 508. 170. 4652. 982. 007. 153. 864. 878. 555. 233 Q9. 035. 151. 029. 231. 819-. 280. 350. 464. 052. 018 Q10-. 132. 167-. 111-. 791. 438-. 482. 217. 524-. 174-. 062 Q11. 188. 145. 1711. 292. 211-. 115. 491. 600. 277. 101 Q12. 165. 119. 1461. 386. 181-. 083. 414. 621. 296. 108 (a) Dependent Variable: Q1 In the above table, we can see that all of significant levels corresponding to individual Beta are greater than . 05 except two. The significant for coefficient for Q6 and Q8 is less than . 5. So these are found to be significant. Therefore teacher’s delivery and student’s seriousness are important in explaining quality of education program. Regression Model From the whole regression analysis, we can finally generate a mode l that shows the total relationship between the independent variables selected and the dependent variable. Assigning each of the independent variables with Xn starting with Q2 as X1, Q3 as X2, Q4 as X3 and so on and assigning the dependent variable Q1 as Y, we form a generic regression model- Y= C + B1X1+ B2X2+ B3X3+ B4X4+ B5X5+ B6X6+ B7X7+ B8X8+ B9X9+ B10X10+ B11X11 Now putting the relevant Bs in the equation, we get- Y=0. 449 – 0. 046X1 – 0. 091X2 + 0. 102X3 – 0. 188X4 + 0. 507X5 + 0. 015X6 + 0. 508X7 + 0. 035X8 – 0. 132X9 + 0. 188X10 + 0. 165X11 This is our regression model to determine the quality of education in the EMBA program. Discriminant Analysis The significance of univariate F ratios shown in table below indicates that when the predictors are considered individually Q8, Q6 and Q12 are highly significant (significant level . 000) in differentiating between those who perceive EMBA program to be of high quality and those who perceive it to be low quality. That is teacher’s delivery (Q8), student’s seriousness (Q6) and seriousness of administration in enforcing quality (Q12) are important differentiating factors toward high or low quality perception of EMBA program. Tests of Equality of Group Means Wilks' LambdaFdf1df2Sig. Q2. 8007. 501130. 010 Q3. 9531. 480130. 233 Q4. 8067. 240130. 012 Q5. 72311. 518130. 002 Q6. 29073. 336130. 000 Q7. 9551. 410130. 244 Q8. 26881. 874130. 000 Q9. 8584. 949130. 034 Q10. 8037. 350130. 011 Q11. 8087. 123130. 012 Q12. 62517. 996130. 000 Because there are only two groups, only one discriminant function is estimated. The Eigenvalue associated with the function is 5. 37; as shown in table below and it accounts for 100 percent of the explained variance. The canonical correlation associated with this function is 0. 924. The square of this correlation, (0. 924)2 = 0. 85, indicates that 85% of the variance in the dependent variable (High/low quality perception) is explained or accounted for by the model. Eigenvalues FunctionEigenvalue% of VarianceCumulative %Canonical Correlation 15. 837(a)100. 0100. 0. 924 (a) First 1 canonical discriminant function was used in the analysis. It can be noted from table below Wilks' Lambda associated with the function is 0. 146 which transforms to a chi-square of 47. 98 with 11 degree of freedom. This is significant beyond the . 05 level. Wilks' Lambda Test of Function(s)Wilks' LambdaChi-squaredfSig. 1. 14647. 09811. 000 The table below shows the inter-correlation between the predictors and we can assume a low correlation. Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6Q7Q8Q9Q10Q11Q12 CorrelationQ21. 000. 324. 512. 340. 215-. 209. 064. 441. 317. 131. 125 Q3. 3241. 000. 088. 243. 218. 094. 072. 066. 044. 398. 261 Q4. 512. 0881. 000. 667. 096-. 236. 170. 197. 497. 266. 055 Q5. 340. 243. 6671. 000. 290-. 438. 053. 080. 336. 364. 149 Q6. 215. 218. 096. 2901. 000. 032. 186. 095. 323. 529. 015 Q7-. 209. 094-. 236-. 438. 0321. 000. 29. 100. 220. 163. 113 Q8. 064. 072. 170. 053. 186. 129 1. 000. 450. 390. 260. 186 Q9. 441. 066. 197. 080. 095. 100. 4501. 000. 531. 296. 206 Q10. 317. 044. 497. 336. 323. 220. 390. 5311. 000. 517. 153 Q11. 131. 398. 266. 364. 529. 163. 260. 296. 5171. 000. 135 Q12. 125. 261. 055. 149. 015. 113. 186. 206. 153. 1351. 000 An examination of standardized discriminant function coefficient shown in the following table given the low inter-correlation between predictors, it is revealed that Q8 (teacher’s adequate lecture delivery) and Q6 (seriousness of the students to learn) is the most important predictors (having highest value of . 13 and . 704 respectively) in discriminating between groups, followed by Q12 ( administration’s seriousness in enforcing quality) and Q5 (competitive value of achieving degree in the industry). Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients Function 1 Q20. 164 Q3-0. 199 Q40. 122 Q50. 245 Q60. 704 Q70. 276 Q80. 713 Q9-0. 118 Q10-0. 387 Q11-0. 264 Q120. 254 It is interesting to note that the same observation is obtained from examination of the structure correlations (structure matrix shown in table below). In this table these simple correlation between predictors and discrminant function are listed in order of magnitude. Structure Matrix Function 1 Q80. 684 Q60. 647 Q120. 321 Q50. 256 Q20. 207 Q100. 205 Q40. 203 Q110. 202 Q90. 168 Q30. 092 Q70. 090 SPSS offer a leave-one-out cross validation option. In this option, the discriminant model is re-estimated as many times as there are respondents in the sample. Each re-estimated model leaves out one respondent and the model is used to predict for that respondent. The output for this is shown in the table on the following page. From the table hit ratio or the percentage of cases correctly classified can be estimated as (18+13)/32*100 =96. % [considering correct number of predictions of 18 and 13 for two groups] Classification Results (b,c) GroupPredicted Group MembershipTotal 1. 002. 00 OriginalCount%1. 0018018 2. 0011314 1. 00100. 0. 0100. 0 2. 007. 192. 9100. 0 Cross-validated(a)Count%1. 0017118 2. 0011314 1. 0094. 45. 6100. 0 2. 007. 192. 9100. 0 (a)Cross validation is done only for those cases in the analysis. In cross validation each case is classifie d by the functions derived from all cases other than that case. (b) 96. 9% of original grouped cases correctly classified. (c) 93. 8% of cross-validated grouped cases correctly classified. Thus we can say most important factors are Q8 (teacher’s adequate lecture delivery) and Q6 (seriousness of the students to learn). This result is consistently found both by regression and correlation. Limitations No research project is free from limitations of some form- be it time or resources. Same is true for our research project. Although time given was adequate for a small-scale project like this, but considering the topic of our discussion such small-scale research hardly means anything. Considering the number of students currently enrolled in the EMBA program as a whole, a sample size of 30 is hardly representative of the population. Added to that is our inability to communicate and select respondents from other departments. So considering all these, this project, although best efforts were given to complete, doesn’t completely satisfies its main purpose of determining the quality level of the EMBA program. Conclusion In conclusion, we can say that even though the research project didn’t serve its purpose completely, it at the least gives some idea about students’ perception of quality education and overall quality of the EMBA program. From the research, based on multiple data analysis, we have found out that people put great emphasis on students’ eagerness to learn and teachers’ delivery of knowledge to determine the quality of education program. So it is imperative that students are encouraged in different ways so that they feel inspired to learn new things on their own. And teachers also should keep in mind the duty they have sworn to fulfill and give their best efforts in teaching the students properly while staying above all influences. –X–

Simmel, Marx, and Mead

After reading the specified passage #8, pages 101-108, I sat back and thought about who and what we have studied this semester. The information in the passage connected with three of the five major sociological minds that we have studied: Simmel, Marx, and Mead. The beginning of the passage talks about immigrants starting a new life in a new place, and what we a Americans think about it, which reminds me of Georg Simmel. A lot of the passage talks about how class and jobs relate to one another, which made me think of Karl Marx. One part of the passage discusses what Barbie is for little girls, which reminds of George Herbert Mead. I think that it is clear that these three sociological minds influenced parts of this section of Barbie Culture. Rogers gives the Statue of Liberty as an example of an icon. She talks about what it represents for Americans. To us it represents â€Å"political freedom and mass democracy (independence), this same icon has become a harbinger of a society supposedly open to â€Å"teeming masses† of needy, if not desperate, immigrants (dependence). Rogers goes on to say that Americans â€Å"see foreign-born newcomers as threats to their society. Fearful of the alien lifeways and multiple tongues of these international migrants, such Americans commonly invoke sentiments seemingly incompatible with this cherished icon† (Rogers: 101-102). Pampel talks a lot about how Simmel felt about the way he and other Jewish people were treated when they moved to Germany and into its big cities, and how most Germans tried to keep them from gaining any power or status. One example that Pampel gives is â€Å"universities placed limits on the number of Jewish professors they would promote: although about 12 percent of lecturers came from Jewish backgrounds, only about three percent reached he position of tenured professor† (Pampel: 131). Simmel was held back at almost everywhere he taught. Nearly everyone that heard his lectures like him and what he thought about things and how he broke things up and made sense out of them. He should have been tenured way before he finally was, but because of racist views of him he was not, no matter how brilliant he was. Pampel writes a lot about Marx and what he thought about the inhumane working conditions. Pampel tells us how Marx’s view on why things were the way they were. â€Å"Mattel’s hierarchy grows wider as one descends the ladder† (Rogers: 102). Marx knew that there were a lot more proletariat (workers) than there were bourgeoisie (owners of the capital). Everyone wanted as much money as they could get. Nobody really cared how the workers that were actually making the products lived or even felt. Marx felt that the key concept to all of that is social class. Society is both enabling and constraining. It enables few people to make a lot of money and the major decisions that affect everyone and constrains most people to just do as they are told. The workers had to work with low pay and in bad working conditions just to make enough money to survive. They really had no choice. Marx’s perspective is called conflict theory, and classes are always going to be in conflict with one another. Last but not least, Rogers talks about how or why Barbie came to be. Ruth and Elliot Handler were on vacation in Switzerland with their son, Ken, and their daughter, Barbara. They were out shopping when they came across the Lilli doll, which was a German doll that came from a cartoon strip and that was mostly marketed to men as a sex symbol. â€Å"Barbara Handler was fascinated with the doll, and Ruth Handler claims to have seen it as a perspective plaything for girls past the baby-doll stage† (Rogers: 103). Ruth must have thought that girls still needed a doll to play with so that they still had a sort of learning tool, even though they had out grown baby-dolls. Mead thought that toys/dolls could be used for role-playing, which really helped in the process of becoming one’s social self. Children could adopt the roles and attitudes of the doll. They act out and assume the roles of others in their imaginations. This role-playing helps â€Å"children develop a better sense of the meanings and attitudes held by other people† (Pampel: 194). Once children learn these things they can start forming their own opinions about things and really become and individual. Simmel taught us that the world is not fair. Even though he was a brilliant man and had a lot to offer the world, he was not able to because of racism and stupid people. Marx thought that society could be a great thing, but at the same time it could hold people back and make a lot of people miserable. Mead said that dolls play an important part in becoming a functioning member of society by helping children learn to develop their own attitudes and opinions as well as respect the attitudes and opinions of others. These three men contributed a lot to form the great sociological world that we have today.

A Combination of Liberal Arts and Christianity Essay

Two ways of thought and life are combined to make one learning environment. Liberal arts and Christianity seem like two separate concepts to most, but together they create a harmonious setting for an individual to grow in a multitude of ways. A Liberal Arts College creates a life long thinker that becomes adaptable to society using their knowledge to make decisions. In Holmes pg 35 he says, â€Å" Liberal education is an open invitation to join the human race and become more fully human. Its goals are to read and write and thereby think independently, and appreciation of lasting values coupled with the ability to make sound value judgements and live by them, a critical appreciation of the past and responsible creative participation in the future.† We are educated from kindergarden to 12th grade to learn the fundamentals of all subjects with hopes to impact the society as an educated citizen. This hope is continued if we choose to further our education in college with a specifi c emphasis on a major. Like many students with a major, Christians are faithful students that use the Bible to guide their daily lives, but to the rest of the world they can be viewed as sheltered and limited to their beliefs. This causes a hindering on effectiveness that Christian have in the community and a misunderstanding of the validity of their thoughts. in Holmes pg 6 he supports this thought by saying,† Unless we understand the thought and value-patterns of our day, as well as those of biblical revelation and the Christian community, and unless we speak fluently the language of our contemporaries, we tragically limit our effectiveness.â€Å" With a Christian College education is heightened by integrating literarary works, theories, and concepts to Christian commitment, moral, and faith making a collaboration of endless possibilities. This creates a well rounded opportunity for students to learn at a college with the strengths of both liberal arts and Christianity called a Christian College. We are not limited to any one way of thinking. As people we want to explore and question the how, what, where, and why’s of the world. The Christian College does not limit the ability of self perception or thought, but encourages the process. Using liberal arts to educate the Christian learner and further their insight in the world is a primary purpose of a Christian College. As stated in Holmes pg 8 â€Å"†¦integration of faith and learning remains the distinctive task of the Christion liberal arts college.† The worldview of Christianity should not be  limited to ones home, but incooperated throughout a persons education to further equipt them for a future that will continue to challenge and question their abilities. In support of this thought, On page 36 Holmes writes on the ever lasting benefits of education,† If the person, including what she becomes in this life, has an eternal destiny, then what I become in the process of education lives on forever†¦ Christian liberal arts education has an eternity in view.† For most, being a student is only a fragment of a lifetime. That is why the importance of receiving a well rounded education that a Christian College has to offer is essential to establish a foundation of education to apply to the remaining years of our lives. Learning with a purpose to become a reflective being, and value being, and a responsible agent will prepare an individual to step into the world and make educated, reasonable, and moral decisions. A reflective beings have a passion to learn, ask, and wonder which leads us to analyze and come up with our own thoughts of possibilities. Reflectiveness sometimes leads us to have a birds eye view of a thought as a whole as opposed to thinking in a narrow, closed minded way. Causing us to become more critical thinkers and nurture our natural inquisitions. Holmes states, â€Å" â€Å"To teach a person to read and write is to teach him to think for himself, to develop more fully the possession of his God-given powers. He becomes in fact, not just in possibility, a reflective, thinking being.† Next, as value being takes a worldview of everything important to them and acts on those thoughts and feelings for direction. In a Chirstian College we see those values as what God has created in the the reflection of Him, us. Actions we take have effects and the choices of those actions can not be learned by reading a book, but the foundations of values can guide a person towards a better outcome. Last, there is the need to be a responsible agent. As Christians we are accountable for our actions and are governed by our Lord Jesus Christ. Decisions of right and wrong are presented daily, but as a Christian going to a Christian College we are taught the principles of reasoning through education and guided with the righteous path God has called us to live. The world is filled with possibilities and opportunity, but it is the people we become with the help of a Christian College, that steers us on the road to a life of reflection, value, and responsibility. A Christian College provides a basis in creating a holistic person by incooperating faith with a liberal  arts education. To see life as one picture rather than a million tiny pieces in a puzzle can create a smoother transition from college to the real world. Often students face the delema of just figuring it out. There is no how to manual or direction guide of life. As Christians we look to the bible for answers and get the general idea of what should be done with digging into our faith, but the is an element of critical thinking that must be applied. That kind of thinking is learned though a Christian College. â€Å" If a person, including what she becomes in life, has an eternal destiny, then what I become in the process of education lives forever†¦Christian liberal arts education has an eternity in view.†(Holmes 36) No one person or book can teach us the do and don’ts in life, but a well round education can prepare us for a life of constant decisions and obst acle to overcome.

Marketing Management First Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Management First Assessment - Essay Example Virginia Community Capital Inc. is however unique because it is a non-profit motivated bank. The bank target mostly low income and middle income earning individuals to empower them. While at this, the bank often earn considerable amount of profit that is majorly given back to the community with regard to communal services (Savitz, 2013 p.12). This is the first pillar of the Triple Bottom Line analysis that is to be employed to analyze the overall performance of Virgin Community Capital Inc. (VCC). The bank’s greatest source is the interests it earns from the loans it advances to the community for various activities they take. VCC is approximated to have issued out loans worth a total of $419 million. Below is analysis of the financial statement that reveals the ideal position of the organization (Chhabra, D., 2010 p.13). The bank is believed to have reported an earnings ratio of about 66% in the year 2012. This is higher than the 35% registered in 2011. This implies that the expense of interest increased more than the increase of the interest earned by the bank. Deposition amount obviously was higher than the amount of loans in the year before. This depicts that at that particular juncture; the bank was working towards a negative ground and was registering a loss (Savitz, 2013 p.13). This is also portrayed by a trend analysis whereby the income interest increased as from the year before, 2011, 50%, compared to a lesser value in 2012, 17%. However, the interest from expense rose from 65% to 121% by 2012. It is prudent to note that the profit ratio is seen to have increased from 0.056 to 0.072 and is an indicator that bank is self sustainable due to the earned profit. The provision rate of loans in VCC is seen to have gone down. This depict that solvency of the bank in situations of default would be prudent since the bank is at less riskier loans in the current year. This is clear when you look at the decreasing loan loss provision ratio

Any topic you think is good for my paper Assignment - 1

Any topic you think is good for my paper - Assignment Example The perception of the society on comic book is based on abstract description given by the images depicted in articles and books. In brief, the definition is provided by the work of art (Faigley and Selzer). Ideally, Scott argues that the comic art should not be presented in the way it has been. The art should be simple and depict natural art. The creation of new approach to learning is vital, but the creation of conclusive understanding of terms of reference is essential in the education process. The definition argument by Scott highlights the difference in understanding of terms created by media and other related depiction (Faigley and Selzer). Additionally, the influence of traditional educational practices is evident in the creation of terms such as the traditional understanding words. The new definition of comic is based on comparison of other arts with the comic art depicted by work Scott is change of ideas on the comic articles, which have been perceived in a different way. In conclusion, the article by Scott redefines the term

Gender Portrayal in the Film Bad Guy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gender Portrayal in the Film Bad Guy - Essay Example It starts by a guy (Han-Ki) spotting a young lady (Sun-Hwa) sited on a bench across the street and decides to sit beside her. His constant glare towards her makes her uncomfortable and she sees it as rude. She moves away from her and runs to greet her boyfriend. The man grabs her and forcefully kisses her, the witnessing soldiers intervene beats up this guy. She demands an apology, but the guy remains adamant. It leads to her spitting on him, introducing the hidden desire for obsession and vengeance in motion. It is revealed later that the impetuous, quiet gangster is a pimp. Later, the young girl in the street is implicated in a cash theft which lands her in a brothel. It would be unwise to assume that the theme of Bad Guy is about revenge; the plot revolves around the escapades between captor and captive and the director Kim seems not to be arriving at a particular theme. The beguilingly and controversial climax of the film leaves viewers with hard questions to ponder. Therefore, Bad Guy can be termed as an enigmatic piece of work displaying the common issues affecting the society inclusive of race and gender themes. Kim Ki-duk is known as one of the prolific directors in Korea. He is majorly recognized as a remarkable movie producer outside Korea with his movies receiving a number of international awards. For example, the film Samaritan Girl (2004) has gotten him a prestigious international award for best director in the Silver Bear awards. It is fascinating that despite Kim Ki-duk’s international identification as a leading movie director in Korea, back in South Korea his reputation is mixed with many controversies. He has many discontented detractors and a small flock of enthusiastic supporters. He is well reckoned for his unreserved and painterly images.

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Personal Statement - Essay Example I have enjoyed archaeology since I was a small child, pouring through a substantial volume of books and published articles about general archaeology and Egyptology. Reputable and well-known historians and experts in antiquity have given me the fundamental self-taught education in the field that only served to inspire even more zealous interest in this area of study and career. Currently, I am studying at Kaplan International College in areas of generalized education. However, I was recently accepted at Westminster University to study law on the advice of my caregivers. Upon careful examination and assessment of their influence, I realize that my true passion is archaeology and aspire to reject their intentions to pursue an area of interest of which I am dedicated and highly motivated. Archaeology gives us a framework to identify with ourselves in the modern world by comparing historical record and lifestyle with contemporary culture. My enthusiasm for this area of study is unparallel ed and I can think of no more appropriate field that is perfectly constructed for my ambitions and level of interest.

Canada's Maple Leaf Bust Crack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Canada's Maple Leaf Bust Crack - Essay Example Articles by the media in the summer of 2008 covered reports on the outbreak showing colorful slips of a ‘listeriosis investigation’ eventually turned to entire wrenched, gray pieces such as â€Å"Sorry Situation† (Brent, 2008). In December following the summer which became a funeral mourning 22 million deaths upon the eating of cold-cuts sold by Maple Leaf Food’s two tainted lines at the entity’s Toronto headquarters, a $27 million-dollar class action lawsuit disabling a company which had already suffered a deficit that semester, the report fell that safety measures had shattered. Litigation inched its way into the top Canadian food-processing industry as the sentient illness forced its way across papers, the public opinion crying out a public timeline: â€Å"Listeriosis Outbreak in Toronto Now Linked to Five Deaths† (Ewing, 2008) in August, â€Å"Sorry Situation† (Brent, 2008), for September’s glow, and October’s gold-ree l, â€Å"Maple Leaf finds new listeria cases† (Elliott, 2008). President and chief-executive of the mega multi-billion dollar service-issuer in a clear concise way emulated a stream of heartfelt warmth to the public betwixt the sparkling timeline filled with protocol and positive results. In 2004 an article by Salvage entitled, â€Å"Petite hams pack a punch: smaller products are designed for on-the-go families,† excited consumers before four years along the timeline later another enchantment, â€Å"Maple Leaf designs pigs for markets† (Bertin, 2001), again stole the market. ... Total net revenue earnings were stunted by comparison with the previous year of 2005 in the range of $48.6 million and $815.9 million as opposed to the prior offsetting $101.9 and $800.8 million of agribusiness income and sales. Yet a hardwood-smoked, boneless, two pound ham offered a beautiful competition, on which a new sensation was being brought up, which elevated flexibility, color-binding, color and protein maximization at the foreground of a link between restructuring costs and Maple Leaf food designs, which was gaining speed in the race of the farmer’s market phenomenon. As all members of the now global indiscriminate ravager that has made its unique debut as the food industry must fall under the trick eventually, all facets indubitably must be tempted by that dollar which is called progress. Maple Leaf Incorporations won a nationally-esteemed award which bounded off its renovated products in 2011. While unpredictability should no doubt be a factor after the outbreak t wo years earlier, Canada’s grocer spontaneously waltzed to the front of the better end of its crisis quite literally, as the informational media announcement on paper specified in the heading called, â€Å"Contrite Maple Leaf vaults to forefront of food safety,† Sperber’s 2010 praise that detailed management’s proactive response to the fiasco two years prior. Even still Maple Leaf’s attempts at safety protocols and mandates before the widespread incident was in a small way commendable. In a spill of paramount thanks to the company’s chief executive and President Michael McCain, who inarguably urged to employ higher-tech equipment to ensure 2002 meat safety, Maple Leaf won the Annual Food Safety Leadership Award in 2006. Such cannot provide though, to that

English Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English - Assignment Example es a letter from Frank Baldry, the real cousin of Chris the war soldier informing Jenny that Chris, during the course of war, had suffered from amnesia and had lost his recent memory. His old memories however are intact. Therefore, Jenny learns from Frank that the portion of the memory of Chris that was affected by amnesia was the one which had Kitty her wife in it. He failed to remember even a slight memory regarding Kitty. On the other hand he considers his youth memories with Margret as quite fresh. Later in the novel one also learns that before coming home, Chris sent a letter to Margret in France asking her to meet him upon his return. Margret Grey, unlike Kitty, was quite a simple person and not that wealthy. She had signs of aging on her and the indications of youth from her face had almost disappeared entirely. But ine learns later in the novel that although what some might call a lowly life, she was quite satisfied with it. During the course of this paper, the main aspects of the novel would be elaborated along with some of the hidden significances. Shedding some critical light on the novel, it can be easily observed that there is a sheer uncomfortable atmosphere all along the novel. One sees that Kitty, a woman of pure class who was admired by everyone, and who was the queen of Chris’s heart and his humongous stately house had within an instant, after learning of the letter had her conditions changed upside down. The mansion of hers was no more a luxury anymore as both the stately house and the name of Chris haunted her emotions of the affections that Chris used to have towards her. Contrary to the usual scenario of a soldier’s return to his home after the war, the novel draws a blurred picture of the severe trauma he faces as a result of the war and what’s even more tragic, the impact of all that trauma on the girls back home, one his wife, second his cousin and the third his old lover. In a broader aspect, one can say that the effect of the

Classical Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Classical Realism - Essay Example Classical realism may seem a realistic approach in international relations however; to implement the same may not be entirely possible. The changing dynamics of world politics, globalization may not allow nations to continue to dominate for longer period of time. Further, the influence of such forces may not allow complete independence to the States to design and execute their international relations strategies in the light of their own self-interest. Classical Realism is rooted in the belief that since desire for power is one of the characteristics of the flawed human nature therefore States also attempt to increase their capabilities to gain more power. As such for classical realists, the international politics is bad or evil because people making the foreign policies are often bad too. The very concept of classical realism therefore suggests that the self-interests of the nations are basically above any other moral obligations of any State. Classical realism also outlines the need for nation-states and indicates that they are motivated by the national interests. These national interests however, are disguised in the overall moral obligations of the States. Classical realists argue that at the international level, States are the major actors deciding on their own based upon overall costs and benefits. It is however, critical to understand that there is an inherent dichotomy within classical realism. Iadvocates that the domestic politics as well as affairs should be dealt in accordance.

International Business strategy - NOKIA on global market Essay

International Business strategy - NOKIA on global market - Essay Example Every company is gearing up to develop new applications in their Smartphone offering which ultimately decreases scope of creating differentiation for customers. Mobile industry review has pointed out companies need to customize their offering with Android OS in order to fulfil demand of customers. High buyer power has forced companies to adopt technological innovation in Smartphone in order to achieve product differentiation. Threat of Substitutes Fixed line telephones can be classified as direct substitute for mobile phones. For example, fixed line phones play important role in big organizations in comparison to mobile phones. It can be inferred that threat of substitutes becoming lower due to mobile phone’s multi application and wider geographic coverage. Mobile manufacturing companies need to adopt more technological innovations in their offering in order to increase acceptance in big organizations and decrease threat from substitutes further. ... Some companies are using Android operating system for their Smartphone’s while others are focusing on windows phone. Fixed costs associated with smart phone market are high due to requirement of investing in latest technologies. Hence it can be concluded that market rivalry is high. Global Smartphone market condition can be explained in the following manner. (Source: Deloitte, 2012) The diagram is showing that Global mobile phone market is dominated by Android OS while Apple iPhone OS is the second largest contributor. Companies are banking on Android OS to develop new products. Mobile manufactures try to establish equilibrium between Smartphone and features. The market segregation can be explained in the following manner: (Source: Deloitte, 2012) In future Companies will face specific threat from counterfeit products. Mobile manufacturers complemented by low resorce capabilities tend to imititate features and design of Smartphone manufacturered by reputed companies such as No kia, Samsung and Apple. Impact of such threat will increase in future. For example, small companies in copycats has counterfeited Nokia X6 product and launched in the market. Picture of counterfeited Nokia X6 can be used to analyze extent of counterfeiting in telecommunication industry. (Source: Delaney, 2012) Companies need to take strict legal action against counterfeits in order to maintain not only market share but brand image among customers. PEST Analysis- Nokia Political Factors Companies needs to follow respective government rule of different countries in order achieve sustainable business growth and demographic advantage (Zikmund and Babin, 2006, pp. 12-15). Global economy is complemented by

Alcoholics Anonymous - Essay Essay Example for Free

Alcoholics Anonymous Essay Essay Alcoholics Anonymous came to be in Akron Ohio in 1935 It was formed by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob out of a desperation to stay sober and not quite knowing how to do so. Bill W. had the idea that maybe one drunk trying to help another stay sober might be the key. Originally Bill W. tried to get sober by attending a religious group, the Oxford Group, and his evolved into AA as we know it today. Bill W. had managed to put together six months of sobriety when he was out of town and was in a situation where he felt like he needed to drink. Instead of taking that first drink he reached out, trying to stay sober. He thought maybe if he helped another drunk, he would feel better and he did. This premise is still keeping drunks sober today. In the early days Dr Bob abd Bill W. would make their rounds to the hospitals trying to help others get sober. The original Big Book or book of AA was based on the fact that one-hundred people had managed to get sober at the time that book was written. Today there are thousands upon thousands of people who are recovering, not only from alcohol but many different kinds of addictions. One of the things that remains true are the original twelve steps of recovery. It is the telling of how the original pioneers got sober and stayed sober. After all these years the program remains strong and is the spring-board for self-help groups. The twelve steps are the program of recovery and it is essential that people who want to recover and keep their disease in remission they should work the steps to the best of their ability. Many people don’t get past step 1; people falter on the steps based on what they believe at that particular moment. Many people can’t or won’t believe in something other than themselves, so step three is out-turning their lives over. Step four is a huge stumbling block, and then having to talk to someone else about what they did wrong is huge. My point is, is that is not easy. Recovery is not easy, the drinking and using part was the easier softer way. For people that would like a better life and would like to learn to live life sober, they must practice the principles of AA, it really is life and death. Many people die every day from this disease. It is my opinion that society has a responsibility to educate our children in that this is a horrific disease and anyone can become afflicted. The stigma associated with this must be eradicated in favor of a medical view that treats it as what it is; a  bio-psycho-social disease.

The History Of Cheese

The History Of Cheese In the world today, the cheese has become a key ingredient in many dishes in the world. Cheese is an ingredient that has been cruising around the place and make improvements delicious food, especially Italian Cuisine such as Spaghetti Carbonara, Cheese Pizza and many more, which has attracted many people enjoy of eating the food. In addition, the cheese has made everyone not only chefs and ordinary people also want to enjoy the cheese to create a different dish with cheese in it. Do all people on this planet know what the content in the cheese while everyone including children enjoy cheese even eat like that only. Cheese is a product of milk-based groups in it. Cheese produced in the time now not only produces one type but different types of cheese were produced from it.Differentiation each cheese produced has their different flavors, shapes, textures and more. Moreover, the cheese has its own life so that it can retain the moisture. We also need to know not only cheese produced from cows milk instead of the animals such as buffaloes, goats, sheep and more. Cheese not only be used but it is used as a secondary food such as Cheese Platter yet mixed with other cold cuts. Often guests will enjoy eating cheese after dessert. Chef who has a high talent, will always create something new by using cheese with other ingredients like black pepper, chives, garlic and more. This not only creates new foods and even enhance the flavor and aroma of the cheese. In this report, we can add more knowledge about how the cheese is produced. Apart from that we can learn more deeper about the origins of this cheese. Moreover, we also learned how cheese found in Ancient Greece, Roman Europe even in the days that have now spread throughout the world which has made cheese as an ingredient of their cuisine. Cheesemaker, the person who incharge or makes cheese according to the process of cheese production. Furthermore,we will attach the details of nutrition that has been in the cheese that makes people would obtain the cheese although in a small bite in a day. Lastly, we will see the impact that cheese has given towards the culture of the citizen in a country, which has become a trend even taking a picture. SAY CHEESE 2.0 History of Cheese The origin dates of cheese making range from 8000BC to 3000BC. However, no one really knows who made the first cheese but most authorities had considered that Middle East was the first area which is cheese being made. According to the ancient legend, it was made accidently by an Arabian merchant. The Arabian merchant has put his milk into a pouch which has been made by sheep stomach. The merchant carry the pouch along with him as he set out on a days journey across the desert. As he travelled, the heat from sun activated the enzyme rennin which found in the stomach lining. This action has caused the milk to separate into curd and whey. Thus, cheese was revealed. Based on ancient Greek mythology, the evidence of cheese making has been found in Egyptians tomb murals around at 2000BC. During the Ancient Greek period, cheese are been eaten. In Greek, cheese is called fornos which related to the basket where the cheese was deposited and separated from the whey. Cheese in other languages was derived from this greek word, for example, at French they used to call cheese as fromage or seems goes to Italian people they called cheese as formaggio. In Greek tradition, there was consumption that it was the Gods who showed the mortals how to make cheese. It is believe that cheese using has been use wider in Asia before it migrated to Europe. Then, during at Roman Empire, the process of cheese making has been expanded. Lots of different sources of milk began to be mixed and varieties of seasonings were added to produce cheese with rich in flavours. The Roman culture has developed the art of cheese making. The Roman cheese makers was a skilled artisans and they also has developed varieties of cheese. The Roman also credited with the first aging of cheese or cheese storage. The roman cheese makers were aware of the affects of various ripening technique which will be related to the taste and character of a particular cheese. The Romans and the Greeks has considered cheese as a luxury food and accessible to the wealthy. Cheese also has became their staple food which been used in both sweet and salty dishes. During Roman Empire, over 13 varieties of cheeses were produced. The Roman has spread their expertise in cheese making to Europe. In making cheese, they has developed dairy farming which to use cows milk to become the standard raw material. During this time, they are in an effort to perfect the curd-draining process. The Romans also invented the cheese press which is a technique that they exported as far as Great Britain. In France, especially in south and west, they have developed a wider range of cheeses because of rich in agricultural areas. They are more preferred in soft-cheese production and the hard-pressed cheese appeared to play a secondary role. This production was the reflection from the Rome-influenced culture of the nation. The production also mirroring the type of cheese that produced in the Mediterranean as opposed to the hard-pressed. It also more durable cheese that was developed in the northern regions of Europe which is can be stored and eaten during cold winter months. However, throughout the dark ages which is the Western European Early Middle Ages, circa 500 to 1000CE, there were little progress was made in developing new type of cheese. During the Middle-Ages, the European monks has invented of ripening and ageing techniques for cheese. The monks have produced milder-tasting cheeses. The communities of Jura and Alps mountain farmer could get together in dairy associations. In this situation, they enable to produce first-rate quality of cheeses. In the 7th Century, many cheeses been known by the region in which they were produced. However, during Renaissance on 14th to 16th century, cheese was considered as unhealthy food and the popularity of cheeses has decline. Luckily, in 19th century cheese regained favour and in start from this period they have started to move from farm to factory production. 3.0 SYMBOLISM OF CHEESE Cheese can be symbolized with a different perception by a different people. But generally cheese always related to something that can bring happiness. Here we had divided the symbolism to four which are economy, culture, religious, and social. 3.1 Economy If we look into the revolution or the movement of cheese began before Christ, different region or countries had their own originated cheese. During the glorious of Romans Emperor, they had develop the cheese into a high level with the manufactured of many types of cheese. The rich emperor at that time was a little bit dissatisfied with the quality of the cheese and later they had imported cheese from the Alpine areas, England, France, and parts of Asia. There we can see a network of import and export that they build in terms of exchange into their economy. We owe the Romans once again when they taught the techniques and the process to produce the cheese to the peoples that they conquered such as the Helvetti tribe in an Alpine area which is called Switzerland now. Nowadays, the industry of the cheese making is an important industry for the Switzerland and during 1900 they started very aggressive by operating 700 to 800 of cheese factories and now they are one of the largest producer of cheese based on world demand right now. Pasteurization actually came from its creator name which is Louis Pasteur that develop the process and introduce the concept of fermentation. He contribute and introduce the bacteria that can form a cheese in a fastest way and controlled bad bacteria. 3.2 Culture In France, cheese had their own specialty during the course of French meal. Not only at the fine dining restaurant they served course meal but at home they also practiced that. Every house at French will have stocks of cheese even they had special drawers for cheese in the refrigerator. The sequence of French meal start from appetizer and aperitif drink, which is light course and then followed by the main course, then the salad, and last but not least selection of cheese before the dessert and sometimes cheese can be a closing course which is replace the dessert. There is a maxim about cheese in France, A French meal without the cheese course is not a French course. Peoples mentality about cheese before this believe that eating cheese before sleep can cause a nightmare and gives you a restless night. However, in 2005 The British Cheese Board study made an experiment to the 200 participants which equilibrium to 100 of males and 100 of females to eat six different types of British chee se which were British Brie, Cheddar, Cheshire, Lancashire, Red Leicester, and Stilton before they sleep for a week. The results after a week show that no one had a nightmares and oppositely they had a good nights sleep with the pleasant dreams. Flash back to the traditional believes for the Arabian, Persian, and European. The Arabian believe that if they dreams about fresh cheese its symbol as a happiness and health but if Cutted cheese its mean you will get an illness and need an operation. The Persian believe that if we eat fresh cheese in a dream its mean someone will have a good fortune according to how much the person ate. Dreams about Swiss cheese is something special to the European because it means the promises of prosperity, health and amenities of life. Dream working in the cheese factory show that you will have an improvement in the situation. 3.3 Religious As we all know that Islam and Judaism strictly prohibit their follower from eat cheeses that made with rennet from animals that not slaughtered properly according to the Halal or Kosher laws. Both faiths recognize cheese as a dairy products, but the Judaism cannot eat dairy products in the same time meal with any meats except poultry and fish because it is against the Kosher rules. Actually the Hebrews scripture said you should not eat meat in its mothers milk, some study believe that when the meat and dairy products consume at the same time, the protein of both sources cannot be digested properly by the body and can affect health. 4.0 PROCESS PRODUCTION OF CHEESE In the process production of cheese we will divide it into two which are in the primitive era and the modern era. 4.1 Primitive Era The African, Asian, and Latin-American very addicted to yogurt and cheese no matter where they live even in the isolated area or in the urban areas. Usually the one that often making cheese is the woman at that time at their home. An example of cheese making in South America which is Cocoa Blanco cheese. The cheese started made with sour whey, and then coated with rancid butter, boric acid, coffee grounds, and ground chocolate cocoa -bean shells. After that, it is left under the scorching sun to dry and until it is sold. Another survey that had been made in other parts of West Africa found a small village where the farmers make cheese. The technique unusually impressive show good principles of manufacture, below are the steps of making the cheese by the farmers. First the fresh milk that they milking from the cow is heated in a pot to about the boiling point. After that, they added the extract called Quantum satis of leaves of a plant called Calatropia procera to the hot milk and the heating process is continued until it is coagulate. The coagulated substance then put in any cloth and dripped off for about 24 hours. The cheese mass that surfaces are next dried in the sun will formed a discus-like shape. To extract a strong red colour, the head of the threshed sorghum will boiled in the water. To make it look nice and as a protective layer, the dried cheese will dipped in the dye and becomes red like Edam cheese. The cheese can be keeps for more than one year, but if in the rainy season it is necessary to store it near to the fireplace. Cheese at that time majority were produced just for individual needs not in terms to gain profit or try to commercial it. However, the revolution of the cheese start in the modern era where the producing of cheeses were unlimited. 4.2 Modern Era In the modern era, they already build the technology that used to make cheese faster with good quality. There are few steps to make the quality cheese. First step To make a large of cheese, we need to use a lot of milk to produce it which is inquired the quality and purity of the milk. Second step Once the milk been tested and weighed, the milk has to pasteurized. It is to ensure that the cheese is made perfectly. In addition, it is to make sure the cheese that has been made is standardized. Third step Once everything is in order, we need to use a good bacteria and add in it to start the cheesemaking process. Now days, scientist has create a good bacteria, so that they able to produce a good and quality cheese. Besides that, the bacteria is to help enhance the falvor and texture of the cheese. Then, rennet which is called as the milk clotting enzyme are added in it, to coagulate the milk and form like a mass custard. Fourth step Next, they will cut into small pieces, where they begin to process of seperating the liquid and the solid of the milk. The solid of the milk (curds) will be cooked with a lower temperature to form a softer cheeses such as Ricotta, Mascarpone cheese and many more. Meanwhile the liquid of the milk (whey), are cooked with a higher temperature to form a harder cheese such as Romano, Gruyere cheese and many more. Fifth step To make the cheese, there will be a cheesemaker to cook it. The cheesemaker will cook and stir the liquid and solid of the milk with the proper temperature. They will achieve the firmess of the solid of the milk (curd). Meanwhile for the liquid (whey), they will drained it off properly and leaving it as a tightly curd. Sixth steps Once the liquid and solid changes into perfect curd according to the deisred temperature, the curd will be added with cheese salt in it which is to preserve the moisture and enhance the flavor of the cheese. Seventh steps The cheesemaker will pressing the determines the characteristic and shape of the cheese. Cover the cheese that has been pressed with a cloth or tissue. Most cheeses are pressed within three to twelve hours to complete the curd formation which is depending the size of the cheese. Cheese that will be pressing will be poured into a mould according to the sized that required. Eight step This is the last step process of making cheese which is curing. Curing for cheese is used for expand the ages of the cheese by developing the flavor and texture of the cheese within the time. Usually the cheese will be kept in a room that is carefully monitorized and controlled for the humidity of the cheese by using proper temperature on the cheese. 4.2.1 Equipment that has been used during modern era Pilot scale batch cooker It is used to cook the liquid and solid of the milk within the period of time with a proper temperature to cook it in a batch. Grinding machine It is used to grind the cheese into paste that is suitable with accurate moisture and fat for the next stage of cheesemaking process. Load cell conveyors It is used to control and record the weigh of the cheese through the process. Auger dump hopper Method that used to transferring the product from the blender into the batch cooker, where all the milk product has been added in the earlier stage. 4.2.2 Factor The spread of cheese through out the world Nutrition It is happens because the cheese contains the nutrition such as the vitamin, mineral and also fats that a body need most. In addition, it has become part of the daily meal of a person. Label/ Brand When a brand of product famous throughout the world, it enhances many people from other country to try the products and create a new product by using the cheese as the main ingredients. Technology In the new era, many people has invented a technology which able to cook, seal, packaging the product which contain cheese in it within period of time, which has make demand of obtain the cheese has increase from a level to another level. Production Different type of cheese, has different type of texture and flavor. That is why, many people would like to obtain the different type of cheese from the normal cheese, which has make to create a new creation of product by using the cheese that obtain. 5.0 TYPES OF CHEESE There are many types of cheese and can be classified to a few types. According to the International Dairy Federation, there are a round 500 types or varieties of cheese. The varieties of cheese can be classified into a few groups according to their characteristics. There are a few criteria that being looked to classified the types of cheese. Such as, ageing, milk content, fat content, country, moisture, method of making, moisture and more. Commonly cheese are categorizing by content, firmness, moisture and texture. The cheese are being categorizing from soft to hard. These are a few categorized of cheese; Fresh cheese, Natural rind cheese, Soft white-rind cheese, semi-soft cheeses and hard cheese. 5.1 Fresh cheese Fresh cheeses are eaten a few days after the cheese being cooked and only have a little time to develop a flavour. Those fresh cheeses are used in cooking to add texture and help in enhance flavour of food. It also helps to absorb oil and enhance other ingredient flavour to the foods. As we known, according to the history, fresh cheeses are originally discovered by nomadic tribes where accidently milk that being filled up inside the animal skin drained away. The milk leaving a firm and crumbly white lumps of fat that can be dried, store and kept for days. Fresh cheeses have a mild, lemony and acidic flavour. The fresh cheese flavour depend the type of animal milk use. Fresh cheeses have a high moisture content compared to the hard cheeses. It has wet and mousse-like texture. Example of cheese: Feta cheese The name of feta cheese from the Greek word fetta means slices. Feta cheese was originated from Greece. During 17th century, cheese was being served by cutting the cheese into slices. That why the name of cheese was given as feta cheese. Feta cheese is one of the age crumbly cheeses and commonly produces in block. The story of this cheese making is not known certainly, but there is a myth about the making of feta cheese. According to Ulysses narrates in Book 9 of the Homers Odyssey, Cylope Polyphemus was the first who create cheese (specific to feta cheese). If refer to the traditional method, the mixture of goat and cow milk are being left for around 30 hours than rennet being added inside the milk. It will help the coagulated process of milk, causing the separated of liquid and curdle. After that, the curds are being drain and resembles into a block shape. Muslin cloth, are use to raped and hanged the cheese to dry. Some people still use traditional method hanged the cheese by putt ing inside the animal stomach. Other examples of cheese are Ricotta cheese, Mozarella cheese and more. 5.2 Natural rind cheese Some fresh cheese, especially cheese that being produces using goat milk, will turn into natural rind or aged cheese. This process is due because of the cheese left to dry and drain for a long period time. The wet and rich protein surface of cheese attracts the production of moulds. These moulds are edible and it contributes to the ripening process. Nowadays, cheese makers will spray a solution that contains edible moulds (such as penicillium candidum) that helps ripening process. Mostly peoples are suspicious of moulds and sometimes the rinds flavour or texture doesnt suit with the taste of the customer. These types of cheese have different shapes and can be covered with paprika powder, herb or peppers. There are traditionally three stages in the production of natural rind cheese; Stage one: The fresh cheese are still moisture and has no rinds. The flavour is still mild and lemony. (Up to 10 days) Stage two: The cheese that being stored in a room or cellar. The cheese will start lose moisture and thin rind will start to develop. The surface will attract a variety of micro such as pinicillium candidum. The moulds will star appears around ten days. Stage three: At around 10 to 12 days, a blue mould will appear and over a few weeks it will appear on the surface of the rind. Cheese will started to shrink and causing the wrinkles. The surface of the cheese will be encrusted with mould, has brittle texture and become firmer. Sometimes, it has a nutty, pungent aroma and taste. Examples of cheese: Crottin de Chavignol This cheese is the famous cheese, among the varieties of cheese base goat milk. This cheese was originated claim from the village of Chavignol, France. Since 16 century, the productions of small size of cheese were started. The word crottin is derived from the word Crot meaning small oil lamp made from burned clay. The mould clay is being use as cheese moulds. The shaped of this cheese is solid but soft and has nutty taste. Other examples of Natural rind cheese are Banon cheese, Bouton de Culotte nad more. 5.3 Soft, white-rind cheese Is a type of cheese where it has buttery-yellow colour inside and has white rind. There are at least 80 types of soft, white-rind cheese are being made from cows milk. There are two popular soft, white-rind cheeses, known as Camembert and Brie. Mostly these cheeses are almost liquid texture and not contain high fat this is due to the high content. Traditionally the making of these cheese are simple, milk are being reheat until warm, then rennet being add to help coagulated process. After the liquid and curd separate, the curd being scoop and put inside a moulds and left in a humid rooms. After the desire of moisture reached, the cheeses are removed to other room and place on the straw mat. This will help the ripening process. Nowadays, the cheese maker will spray the mould (Penicilium candidum) to help to develop faster rinds. The faster development of rind will help or protect the inside of cheese drying out. This is why the soft, whit rind cheese has soft texture inside and has whi t rinds. Examples of cheese: Camembert de Normandie At years 1791 camembert cheese were firstly made by Normandy farmers known as Marie Harel. According to the history during French revolution, she gave a shelter to a priest know as Abbey Bonvoust since 1790. With the help from the priest, she improved the making or recipe of Camembert cheese. After a few year, the improvement of transport facilities help in the spread of this cheese and opening of camembert cheese outlet around Europe. In 1890 French engineering also contribute to the spread of this cheese. Where he creates a wooden box for easier to carried, those ideas have being used by all cheese camembert cheese producers. Camembert cheese is moulded flat round cheese that covers with white rind. This cheese has different taste according to their age. When it young it has milky and sweet taste around 20 days, when it reached 30 to 45 day it will have fruity and strong taste. Other examples of soft, white-rind cheese are Brie de Meux, Bomdard cheese, bougon cheese and more. 5.4 Semi-soft cheese Semi soft cheese can be classified into types washed-rinsed and washed-curd cheeses. The flavour of semi soft cheese ranges from mild to buttery to pungent flavour. Depend on their types these types of cheese can be slices, shredded and cube. 5.4.1 Washed-rinsed cheese According to the history washed rinsed cheese was being made During the Dark Ages Trappist. The Trappist monks need to go through 100 days fast without meat each year. They decide to produce stronger and meaty cheese. The moisture consistency of washed rinsed cheese similar to soft cheese but, the cheese used more rennet in the making process. More rennet is being added to produce firmer cheese. Besides that, the cheese are being put in more humid rooms, then being washed and rubbed with a mix of brine and bacteria. This act will encourage rapid growth of orange bacteria to brown-red bacteria on the rind. The bacteria growths on the surface of the rind and help create a texture similar to crà ¨me caramel. Examples of cheese: Epoisses de Bourgogne This cheese is a pungent unpasteurized cheese cow milk cheese. This cheese is made in a Village called Espoisees. Brillat- Savarin popular gastronome classed this cheese as King of The cheese. On the end of second war the production of this cheese stopped due to the decreasing of men population due to the war. On 1956, a farmer partner known as Robert and Simon Berthaut re-launch the production of Epoisses Cheese. This cheese has strong flavour and sweet cheese. Other examples of washed rind cheese are Baguette Laonaisse, Bishop Kennedy, Brick cheese and more. 5.4.2 Washed-curd cheese Is a cheese where during production process mix of the curd and whey being washed in water, to prevent the bacteria converts any remaining milk sugar into lactic acid. This act contributes to produce sweet cheeses that have smooth and rubbery texture. Examples of cheese: Leiden or Leidsekaas cheese On 17 the century, the Dutch East Indies one of company that lead to the beginning of spice trade between Indonesia and Europe. During that time cheese are already well known, the Dutch decide to do some experiment by adding spices to their cheese such as cumin, peppercorns and cloves. To create leiden cheese, the liquid is drained and the curd are sprinkles with a cumin and salt. Then the cheese is put inside a mould and lined with muslin cloth and pressed. After a few days the chesses are soaked in brine. 5.5 Hard Cheeses Many hard cheeses are factory made. These types of cheese content low moisture then soft cheese. These cheeses are being put inside a mould than be give forced with high pressure. The age of hard cheese are longer then soft cheeses and can be stored for a long time. Examples of cheeses: Cheddar cheese According to the history cheddar cheese were originated from English village of Cheddar at Sommerset, England. There is one myth about the making of cheddar. The story started where one girl decide to put a bucket of milk in the cave. Then she went home without brought the milk. After a long time she start to remember that she had put a bucket of milk in the cave, she went back to cave. While she came to the cave, she realized that the bacteria have turned the milk to hard curdle cheese. They also another myth, that believed King Henry have buy 10000 pounds of cheddar cheese and it shows that cheddar cheese were originated in England. As age of the cheese become longer, the taste of cheese become sharper and flavour. Young cheddar is age around 3 to 6 years, while other cheddar may be age and stored for several years. Other examples of hard cheese are Parmigiano cheese, Emmenttal cheese, Pecorino Romano cheese, Asiago cheese and more. 6.0 CONTRIBUTION Cheese has many contributions in culinary world in the past and in current. Cheese has been in the culinary world for such long time. With this kind of history, cheese is no doubt has many contributions in nutrition ways. People in the past accidentally produce cheese when they left the milk in the warmth or heated it in the earthenware pot. In the past, people often use cheese as one of ingredient. Nowadays, people have study the cheese and discover that cheese has much nutrition that is good for human body. In the past, cheese has been a kind of currency by the traders and merchant. In the culinary world, cheese has been one of the flavor enhancements. This can be seen when the Italian put cheese in their cooking. Cheese provides saltiness and buttery taste to the dish. Cheese also has been contributed in pasteurization method for milk product. Pasteurization method been created by Louis Pasture, the French chemist and microbiologist in April 1862. Current contribution is in health benefit. Scientist has study the art of cheese and discovers that there are several amount of nutrient in cheese. The major nutrients in cheese are protein, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin B2, and vitamin B12. Protein is important to human growth and helping in build and repairing the tissue. Calcium is important muscle development, normal nerve and maintains the health of bones and teeth. Zinc is important in helping the immune system of our body and contributes in skin structure. Phosphorus is kind the same of calcium because it help in maintaining the bones and teeth. Vitamin A is important for our vision. Vitamin B2 is important because it is use as converter of food into energy in our body. Vitamin B12 is important for helping in producing cells in our body. 7.0 CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are many varieties of cheese in the world and it is one of food or ingredient that has long history. Even though it has been producing many centuries ago, it is one of well known ingredient in the culinary world. Cheese are very famous right now even if we go to the famous luxury restaurant or even the Mamak stall that used to sell Roti Naan with cheese. The use of cheese in culinary world was started centuries ago until today. The spread of cheese from the origin place has contribute to the world of culinary. Other than that, a question, why in the cartoon the mice always been trapped and crazy with the cheese?, look at the mice teeth, they were strong and it show how nutritious the cheese was. Nowaday cheesen are being made with full of nutritious because of proper procedure and process are use to ensure the high quality of cheese produce. Other than that, the revolution about dairy products nowadays are very agressive. Because of new invention and technology t he making or manufactured of cheese are rapidly growth. New recipe and vareties of chees are be created. Maybe in our country it is not global used yet but we are hoping someday Malaysia can produce their own cheese with our own style. Lastly, we will see the impact that cheese has given towards the culture of the citizen in a country, which has become a trend even taking a picture. SAY CHEESE

Freudian and Neo-Freudian Psychoanalysis Theories

Freudian and Neo-Freudian Psychoanalysis Theories Literature Review Ehren Lee Sze Tseng Introduction In this assignment, I will explain the concepts of Psychoanalysis through the thoughts of perspectives of Freud, Jung, Erikson, Adler, and Horney. This review is the study of Freudian’s, includes only Freud, and Neo-Freudian’s, includes Jung, Erikson, Adler, and Horney, Theory of Psychoanalysis. By using the following 7 journals in my research, I will perform critical analysis on these following theoretical concepts. Based on my analysis, I will integrate a simple understanding among all of these researches and conclude my final thoughts. Freud’s Theory According to Jones (1910), rather than a philosopher, Freud is predominantly a man of science whereas Burrow (1917) defines the term â€Å"Freud† as a genus man of scientific observation. Freud is only observing the fact, from the perspective view of principle of science (Burrow, 1917). As represented by Karl Pearson, in the field of philosophy, Freud is almost classified as accepting scientific idealism (Jones 1910). Freud uses the term conscious to indicate the mental awareness processes of a person in any given moment whether if it is clear or unclear view. Jones (1910) justifies Freud’s view between conscious and unconscious processes are correlating with one another at every aspect but exclude the matter of awareness. The part of Freud’s psychology I would like to touch on would be regarding the significance of psychosexual trends (Jones, 1910). Freud had long acknowledged that the repression of the libido is resulted in which ego is overemphasized (Burrow, 1917). Freud reasons behind applying the term â€Å"sexual† more broadly even though it is not considered to be of a sexual nature would be because of his experience in psychical manifestations (Jones, 1910). He then justifies that the term sexual isn’t because of the definition rather but the significance of the concept. Freud sums up the unconscious desire of life into conception of sex as the principle of pleasure (Jones, 1910). Jung’s Theory Jung’s theory situation was broader compared to Freud, using primarily scientific empirical research and interests he had adopted; He sees nature behind the man struggling to organize itself. â€Å"The â€Å"mother†, conceived of concretely, disappears, therefore, in the creative instinct, and in the instincts of dependence, from which man must free himself.† (Putnam, 1917). According to Putnam (1917), the view of Jung is acceptable and interesting. Jung carries out his analysis in an old fashion conduct. Therefore it is difficult to see how he is able to fail distinguishing the value of principles that he had formerly used so extensively lead to a positive result. Jung’s hypothesis of a presexual mode which Burrow (1917) had understand is that the term presexual exist as a mode that is not only lead to the pleasure mode but it is in a general sense of a continuous sexual mode. Burrow (1917) explains that the consciousness and the unconscious significance of sexual phase are beyond the author’s imagination on the absence of this presexual phase concept. Adler’s Theory Alfred Adler studies the issues of the mental disorders with the methodology of â€Å"individual Psychological†. This method is relevantly ideal because it serves the purpose of psychoanalysis where it is to look for individual’s purpose of life. Adler’s theory on individual psychological is able to trace the past and genetic background of a person’s life where the plans of activities revolve around the individual’s life. Adler intends to avoid his study of individual psychological from over-generalizing the theory. Adler’s psychology serves a purpose in his research. Every phenomenon that happens is a preparation for an accomplishment at some point of end. Adler’s perception of his theory is where everyone including the healthy or diseased, they live for the purpose to achieve dominance in his own way of thoughts. According to Vaughan (1927), the neurotic is unable to show a single trait in the healthy individual, albeit there are certain important traits, such as egotism and anxiety, which are able to determine the characteristic of this type of person based on the expression of intense self-assertion. In Adlerian Theory, the neurotic asserts his independence. Strangely, it is traced back to unsatisfied needs, man’s nature of sexual desire. A woman on the other hand, to prevent the submission of sexual intercourse, she will show ignorance and stubbornness. For example, a female patient will display an aggression towards her male psysician, defying his order. The similarities of the neurotic focused around sex as it relates to the achievement and the control of power. A man whom is sexually impotent, he attempts to control power over other fields. The fundamental concept of power in view, the traits of neurotic fall into the line, defining a new meaning of a whole. Erikson’s Theory According to Munley (1975), Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of human development is derived from his life span developmental theory. According to Erikson’s theory, an individual has to go through eight developmental stages, which he would have to face and cope with an identity and existential crisis. According to Dunkel (2009), Erikson’s theory is regarded to be one of the most influential theories in the human development field. â€Å"Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is based on the epigenetic principle, which states that development unfolds in a series of predetermined stages, that there is an optimal time for the ascendancy of a stage, and that the resolution of early stages greatly inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uences the outcomes of later stages† (Dunkel, 2009). In 1950, Erikson has suggested eight psychosocial tasks in his theory. The first stage of his theory is trust versus mistrust. The development of infant leans towards the basic sense of trust when the caretaker is responsive, whereby when they are not responsive, the infant development is affected in a sense of mistrust. The second stage will be autonomy versus shame. At this stage, an increase of child’s mobility enables them to explore their world developing a sense of autonomy; it happens only when caretakers is appropriately guiding and restricting the child. The third stage is initiative versus guilt. This stage starts to take notice easily when the child starts planning goals in life, sense of initiative increases with success and praise along with the purpose of strength psychologically. The fourth stage is industry versus inferiority whereby children tends to train and master a certain sets of skills. According to Dunkel (2009), the author states that the fifth stage i s considered to be the most important part in Erikson’s theory which would be identity versus confusion. It happens during the adolescent is facing the developing of self-concept, the identity of oneself. The sixth stage would be intimacy versus isolation. It represents the ability of an adult to share commitment to one another, happens in the form of romantic relationships. Love is gained throughout the sixth stage process of development. The seventh stage is generativity versus stagnation. At this stage, adults are facing the responsibility in being productive and well-shaping the future generation, often their offspring. It gains the developmental strength of care. The eighth and last stage is integrity versus despair. This is when during the later part of life, whereby a person reached old age, the person must look back previously on their lives with sense of satisfaction or regret. The psychosocial strength of this development gains wisdom along integrity. All of these s tages build up each another and the process of task involves the developmental stage in a profound way. Horney’s Theory Dr. Horney’s theory on the structure of neurotic personality relates to the basic features of cultures. Dr. Horney’s theory on neurotic personality focuses on the term anxiety. According to Pullias (1938), Dr. Horney defines and clarifies the term anxiety as the emotional state of childhood manifestation of individual life based on the cultural trend. Dr. Horney defended anxiety as the core concept of the neurotic personality structure. Dr. Horney is criticized for explaining and defending against neurosis with only a single principle which would be anxiety (Pullias, 1938). According to Pullias (1938), the author points out that Dr. Horney not at all be criticized as the contribution of her critical approach to the theories of psychoanalysis, she attempt to relate accurately the neurotic personality to culture; the author also explains that she had clearly presented her own theory of neurotic personality structure which contribute to the study of personality. Discussion between the Theory of Freudian and Neo-Freudian Adler’s and Jung’s concept of theory are much similarly contradicts with Freud’s theory. Carl Jung’s rejection of Freud’s theory was deemed to be viewed in 2 ways acceptable and pleasant or inexplicable where it is about pointless empty arguments. Freud’s point of view was focused while Jung’s point of view was broader; Jung saw more than what Freud could see in a man. Jung sees a man, well a man while Freud sees man as something which shaped into a man. Jung’s says that man’s libido is natural whereas Freud says it drives a man. Adler on the other hand, had different perspective from Freud. Adler has avoided over-generalizing his theory of study of individual psychology compared to the teaching of Freudian. Adler opposes the view of Freud on libido being the force behind the indication of neurosis. Adler view on neurosis is not the force behind it but the achievement of goal and the control of power. Secondly, Adler represents sex as a symbol in the neurosis by all the efforts is centred. Freud on the other hand, failed because he overlooked the fact that sex is merely a principle of pleasure. Horney’s theory is correlation with the Adlerian theory. The term anxiety was present in both theories but Horney focuses and defence the principle of anxiety as the core of neurotic personality. Adlerian theory on neurotic includes egotism and anxiety where the neurotic independence is displayed. Freud’s and Erikson’s Theory are quite different from each another. Freud focus mainly on the importance of libido while Erikson place more emphasis on the influence of environment and cultural. Erikson’s eight stages are linked to one another involving the coherent flow of development that builds up an individual. Conclusion In a nut shell, regarding each and everyone’s theory. Regardless of Jung, Adler, Horney, and Erikson as a Neo-Freudian, no matter what circumstances; their theories are derived from Freud. Some of them are focused more in depth of their theory. For example, Horney focuses on her theory on neurotic personality more extensively on the term anxiety. Jung has a broader perspective over Freud. Adler did not over-generalize his finding compare to Freud. I can conclude that Freud being the pioneer of psychoanalysis and they are followed by the successor, Neo-Freudian, of the whole Freudian concept. I classified them as the successor of Freudian Theory as they oppose the idea of Freud whereby they have carried out scientific empirical research to back up their theory and a vast perspective on the terms and theory. Freud on the other hand was merely just observing the facts. The concepts of these Psychoanalysts have contributed knowledge to the society. Their findings and research is deemed to be useful for mankind in their study of their conscious, unconscious and the subconscious mind. This enables us to study the present as well as the past to understand our behaviour. References Burrow, T. (1917). The theories of Freud, Jung and Adler: II. Notes with reference to Freud,Jung and Adler.The Journal Of Abnormal Psychology,12(3), 161-167. doi:10.1037/h0070901 Dunkel, C. S., Sefcek, J. A. (2009). Eriksonian lifespan theory and life history theory: An integration using the example of identity formation.Review Of General Psychology,13(1), 13-23. doi:10.1037/a0013687 Jones, E. (1910). Freuds psychology.Psychological Bulletin,7(4), 109-128. doi:10.1037/h0075780 Munley, P. H. (1975). Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development and vocational behavior.Journal Of Counseling Psychology,22(4), 314-319. doi:10.1037/h0076749 Pullias, E. V. (1938). Review of The Neurotic Personality of Our Time.Psychological Bulletin,35(6), 399-403. doi:10.1037/h0052682 Putnam, J. J. (1917). The theories of Freud, Jung and Adler: I. The work of Sigmund Freud.The Journal Of Abnormal Psychology,12(3), 145-160. doi:10.1037/h0071967 Vaughan, W. F. (1927). The psychology of Alfred Adler.The Journal Of Abnormal And Social Psychology,21(4), 358-371. doi:10.1037/h0068938

Speed Limits Essay -- Expository Speeding Government Essays

Speed Limits Jim was leaving work late, and he knew that his wife was at home waiting on him. She had prepared a nice meal for their anniversary and was sitting on the couch all alone. As Jim pulled out of the plant and onto newly paved two-lane highway, he noticed a large white sign with the words â€Å"speed limit† and the number â€Å"50.† It was a thirty minute drive home, and he could easily make up the time he lost at work if he could just drive as fast as he wanted. For the next half hour, however, Jim drove fifty miles per hour, all the while, contemplating why we have speed limits. Why do we have speed limits? What is the point in setting a limit on how fast you can drive your vehicle? Shouldn’t you be able to set your own personal speed limit? Who really has a say in what the speed limit is set at? Does any good come from having a speed limit, or is it just set up as a means for the government to make money? These questions and more just like them have been an impor tant topic of discussion for many years. In 1995, the national speed limit was dropped, and states were allowed to set their own speed limits. Many of the states raised the limits. California promptly rose to 65 mph, and Texas went even as high as 70 mph. Some states, however, kept the limit the same. The reason this topic has so much significance is that it affects every driver on America’s roadways. As well as affecting the way we drive, speed limits affect us in other ways. Some smaller towns rely on speed limits as a source of income. This income results from issuing citations to speeders. If drivers fail to yield to the speed limits, they may face consequences. A citation for speeding is considered a minor misdemeanor and requires the payment of a stated amount ... ...he speed limit change† (Griffin). Even worse than just an increase in crash rates, is the result of speed in a crash. â€Å"The higher the traveling speed, the greater the risk of serious injury or death in a crash† (Speed). Speeding is an issue of personal ethics. We are commanded to obey the laws that are made by the people God has placed in power on earth as long as those laws don’t contradict what He has first commanded in the Bible. If we choose to speed, we are not only being unethical, we are disobeying God. So, if you are unsure about whether to vote for or against raising the speed limits, make a wise decision. Choose to keep the limits where they are. There is no reason that we need to travel any faster than we already do. The more reasonable answer is to stick with the speed limits we currently have, and focus our attention on making people better drivers.

Smith’s Division of Labour Essay -- Essays Papers

Smith’s Division of Labour According to Smith, there are three reasons why the division of labour increases productivity. First, Smith attests that the division of labour increases dexterity within the workplace. By dexterity, Smith means that an individual performing one task repetitively can accomplish that task faster than an individual who attempts to accomplish all tasks by himself. Carpentry is a prime example of Smith’s division of labour. It may take an individual an entire day to complete one chair†¦ to cut, route, and sand the boards. Then to glue, screw, and finish the chair. If the job of making the chair was divided up between different individuals each performing one task, then the number of chairs completed in a single day would increase dramatically. Second, Smith believed that the division of labour saves time. When one man must perform every task, it takes time to move between the different stations necessary to complete the task. Furthermore, changing jobs or tasks within the workplace causes psychological problems. It takes time for someone to adjust to a different task, whereas an individual who only performs one task never has the need to readjust. Take the carpenter for example; after cutting the boards to shape he must then move to route and sand the boards. The adjustment from cutting the boards to sanding the boards is a complete mental transition. Different tools, motions, and locations are necessary in order to sand the boards as opposed to cut the boards. The transition between tasks wastes valuable time and money. Another time-wasting element of the workplace without a division of labour is man’s intrinsic tendency to take breaks between jobs or tasks. The transition between diff... ... process is to make a woolen coat which keeps a day labourer warm so that he, again, can start the chain of economic processes. Within each step of the woolen coat or chair construction, there exists a separate division of labor as well. In order to gather the lumber, there are dozens of separate steps necessary. Someone must cut down the tree, and then one must stack the tree into a truck. After which, one must drive the truck to the lumber yard. Then the trees must be cut into boards. Then the boards must be stacked and watered†¦ it is an endless chain of responsibilities. Again, according the Smith, the most beneficial manner in which to accomplish these steps is to have one individual occupy each step. Therefore, it becomes apparent that there are thousands of individuals whose work goes into making something as simple as a woolen coat or a chair.

What Recycling Methods Do People in my Community Practice?

Statement of the Problem What recycling methods do people in my community practice in order to conserve our limited resources? Research Questions i. What recycling methods do people in Castries practice in order to conserve our limited resources? ii. How effective are these recycling methods to the people of Castries? iii. What other methods can the people in Castries use to enhance conservation methods? Reasons for Selecting the Area of Research This area of research was selected because I believe that recycling can solve lots of environmental problems.It also helps in saving a lot of expense, required for the production of new products. People should be aware of those factors and should recycle in their community to conserve our limited resources. Method of Investigation To obtain information for my research, I used a method of investigation that is the most accurate and easiest way to collect information. The method I used was a questionnaire. A questionnaire is a research instrum ent consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.Reasons for Selecting the Instrument This research instrument was chosen because it is an important tool in public research. If you get a number of persons to make a judgment of what most people think. It is also an easier way of finding information and cost less expense. Data Collection Instrument Cover Letter Dear participant, My name is __________ and I am a student of the _____________________. For my Social Studies SBA, I am researching on the topic recycling.I am inviting you to participate in this research study by completing the attached questionnaire. The following questionnaire will require approximately two days completing. There is no compensation for responding. In order to ensure that all information will remain confidential, please do not include name. If you choose to participate in this project please answer all questions as honest as possible. Thank Y ou in advance for taking the time to assist me in my Social Studies SBA research. Yours Truly ___________